Π§ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ 8 ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ banana
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΄Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ? THIS THESEchildrenpetboxesparentssnovmenwomenhorseschairmensportsmangirlsmanpicture
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ΠΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² THESE
1. Simon broke a leg after falling and had to put it in the plaster cast.
— ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π°ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π» Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΡ.
2. Yesterday my mum burned her hand on the frying pan.
— ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ³Π»Π° ΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
3. Jane fell and twisted her ankle during basketball practice. She was told to put ice on it and keep her foot up.
— ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ.
4. Mark bruised his eye when a ball hit it. He couldn’t see properly for days.
— ΠΠ°ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ± Π³Π»Π°Π·, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π» Π² Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. ΠΠ½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ.
5. Susan sprained her wrist while swinging a gold club. She has to rest her hand for a month.
— Π‘ΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΠΉ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ.
6. Jenny hitted her head against the door. Now she has a terrible headache.
— ΠΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°.
7. As Tom was climbing the rocks, he cutted his leg and it started bleeding.
— ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ»Π°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π’ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π» Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
8. While John was running, he pulled a muscle in the back of his leg. It was very painful to walk home.
— ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΆΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ» ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ Spotlight 8. Studentβs Book. Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° 37
Culture Corner β ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ
1. What does the title of the text mean? β Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°?
I donβt think we have an appropriate answer here. This title doesnβt mean that we should rais money for charity by ourselves and it doesnβt mean that we should think of the needs of people who live near us before all. I think the title means that we can do charity without any efforts and even being at home.
Π― Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π― Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
How can the title be related to these logos? Read and check. β ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ? ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ.
We can see logos of the most famous charity organisations. So, both the textβs title and logos relates to charity.
ΠΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
2. Read the text. Make derivatives or correct forms of words in brackets. β ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ.
Charity begins at home
It is said that charity begins at home, and 1) people in the UK seem to have put these words into practice. Their enthusiasm for 2) helping others shows in the 187,000 charity organisations that exist in the country. Some of the most famous ones are Oxfam, Age Concern, the RSPCA, the British Heart Foundation and Marie Curie Cancer Care.
People donate money to charity organisations or volunteer to help 3) them rais money. Many of these organisations run charity shops.
The 4) first charity shop in the United Kingdom was established by Oxfam in Broad Street, Oxford.
Oxfam has the 5) largest number of charity shops in the UK with over 800 stores.
Charity shops sell goods at very low prices. The items for sale are 6) usually second-hand and donated by members of the public. These include books, records, CDs, clothes, accessories, household items, furniture and costumes for special occasions such as Halloween. There are bargains for everyone!
Some charity shops also sell new goods that are somehow 7) related to the cause they support. In Oxfam shops, for example, you can find fair trade food and crafts.
The staff who work at charity shops are volunteers, so 8) most of the profits from the sales go towards the charity.
In the US, where charity shops 9) are called thrift stores, this kind of shopping is so popular that it has got its own word, itβs called thrifting!
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² 187,000 Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ), ΠΠΉΠ΄ΠΆ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ) ΠΈ RSPCA (ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ), ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π₯Π°Ρ Π€ΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Ρ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ).
ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π΄ Π‘ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅.
Π£ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 800.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈ CD Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π₯ΡΠ»Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ β Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Π Π‘Π¨Π, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ thrifting (ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ)!
3. Listen and read the text again. Do you think having big charity organisations is a good idea? Why (not)? Do you give money to charity? Why (not)? In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic. Read your sentences to your partner. β ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ? ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? ΠΡ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ? ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ.
I think having big charity organisations is a good idea. Usually, people can help only to the people who are near them. People canβt help any other people because they donβt have any information about their needs and whether they need any help. So, big charity organisations can do more than the only person. They can rais funds more effectively, they know more about people who need help, they can organise different widespread charity activities.
Usually, I donβt donate money for charity because I have only pocket money. But I took part in charity activities as a volunteer. I helped old people with shopping and cleaning their flats.
Π― Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π― ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ.
4. Portfolio: Are there charity shops or charity organisations in your country? Collect information, then write a short article about them for an International Studentsβ Magazine. Write: β ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎ: ΠΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ? Π‘ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π». ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅:
Specialized charity shops are getting popular in Russia. Russians can donate unneeded clothes, books, toys need and put them to special boxes and then these goods can be sold in charity shops. For example, there are over 60 charity boxes and several charity shops in Moscow. Similar charity shops you can find if St-Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Samara, Rostov-na-Donu, Irkutsk, Barnaul and so on. Although the charity shopsβ activity is at the very beginning in Russia.
There is more common practice in Russia. Charity organisations involve famous companies in their charity activities. For example, the most famous Russian charity organisation, Gift of Life, has agreements with different companies. These companies enter a charity activity by donating a part of their profit from selling goods to the charity organisation Gift of Life. And Russians can buy different new goods, marked with special charity labels in ordinary shops.
There are a lot of charity organisations in Russia. The most famous of them is Gift of Life. this company helps children beat cancer. Gift of Life raises funds by personal and companies donation. Also, Gift of Life organises charity concerts with participation of Russian celebrities and pop-stars. Another well-known charity organisation in Russia is called Rusfond. This charity organisation helps unhealthy children, orphan children and incapacitated people. This organisation usually involves Russian mass media to raise money. We can often read requests of help in Russian newspapers and see them even on TV.
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ . ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅, ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³Π΅, ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅-Π½Π°-ΠΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ». Π ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ .
Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ β Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ». ΠΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏ-Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄. ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Π ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Β». ΠΡΠ° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ-ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ.
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ Spotlight 8. Studentβs Book. Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° 27
2a. Reading & Vocabulary β Π§ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
6. Complete with food, weight, salad, diet, meal, sauce, chocolate, vegetables. Check in the Word List. β ΠΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: food, weight, salad, diet, meal, sauce, chocolate, vegetables. Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
7. Complete the following sentences with your own ideas. β ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
I donβt eatβ¦ β Π― Π½Π΅ Π΅ΠΌβ¦
8. Do you agree that cooking meals for their children is a good way for mothers to show them their love? In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic. Read your sentences to your partner. β ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ β Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ? ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ.
There are many ways for mothers to show children their love. I donβt think that cooking is the only way. To show their love mothers should take care of children. As for cooking, the meal can be quite simple but unloved for children. I think cooking unloved food is not the best way to show a motherβs care. But if my mum asks me what Iβd like to eat I feel her love, indeed.
Π£ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π― Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ β Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ . Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄Ρ β Π½Π΅ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Ρ Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ.
9A. Think of a traditional dish in your country and answer the questions. β ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄Π΅ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅.
9B. Use your answers to write a short email to your English-speaking penfriend about the dish (50-80 words). β ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ (50-80 ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²)
I hope you are well. In your last email, you asked me about traditional dishes in my country. There are a lot of nice dishes in Russian cuisine but my favourite is pelmeni. Pelmeni is made from dough and minced meat. To prepare minced meat you should mix minced meat, chopped onion, salt, pepper and spices. To prepare dough use water, eggs, salt and flour. Then roll out the dough and cut out small round pieces. After that, wrap the minced meat in small round pieces of dough and boil pelmeni for 7-10 minutes. This dish can be very delicious with sour cream or spicy sauce. I donβt think it is a very healthy food, but you arenβt going to eat it every single day, are you? For any questions, you may ask me. Well, try to cook it! Whatβs your favourite traditional dish? Iβd like to try it.
ΠΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ. Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π» ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. Π ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄, Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ β ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π»ΡΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΉΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ 7-10 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΅Π΄Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈ? ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ ! Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎ? Π― Π±Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ!
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ Spotlight 8. Studentβs Book. Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° 37
Culture Corner β ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ
1. What does the title of the text mean? β Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°?
I donβt think we have an appropriate answer here. This title doesnβt mean that we should rais money for charity by ourselves and it doesnβt mean that we should think of the needs of people who live near us before all. I think the title means that we can do charity without any efforts and even being at home.
Π― Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π― Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°.
How can the title be related to these logos? Read and check. β ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ? ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ.
We can see logos of the most famous charity organisations. So, both the textβs title and logos relates to charity.
ΠΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΈ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
2. Read the text. Make derivatives or correct forms of words in brackets. β ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ.
Charity begins at home
It is said that charity begins at home, and 1) people in the UK seem to have put these words into practice. Their enthusiasm for 2) helping others shows in the 187,000 charity organisations that exist in the country. Some of the most famous ones are Oxfam, Age Concern, the RSPCA, the British Heart Foundation and Marie Curie Cancer Care.
People donate money to charity organisations or volunteer to help 3) them rais money. Many of these organisations run charity shops.
The 4) first charity shop in the United Kingdom was established by Oxfam in Broad Street, Oxford.
Oxfam has the 5) largest number of charity shops in the UK with over 800 stores.
Charity shops sell goods at very low prices. The items for sale are 6) usually second-hand and donated by members of the public. These include books, records, CDs, clothes, accessories, household items, furniture and costumes for special occasions such as Halloween. There are bargains for everyone!
Some charity shops also sell new goods that are somehow 7) related to the cause they support. In Oxfam shops, for example, you can find fair trade food and crafts.
The staff who work at charity shops are volunteers, so 8) most of the profits from the sales go towards the charity.
In the US, where charity shops 9) are called thrift stores, this kind of shopping is so popular that it has got its own word, itβs called thrifting!
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² 187,000 Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ), ΠΠΉΠ΄ΠΆ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ) ΠΈ RSPCA (ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ), ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π₯Π°Ρ Π€ΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Ρ (ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ).
ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π΄ Π‘ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅.
Π£ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 800.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈ CD Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π₯ΡΠ»Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ β Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Π Π‘Π¨Π, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ thrifting (ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ)!
3. Listen and read the text again. Do you think having big charity organisations is a good idea? Why (not)? Do you give money to charity? Why (not)? In three minutes write a few sentences on the topic. Read your sentences to your partner. β ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ? ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? ΠΡ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ? ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ? ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ.
I think having big charity organisations is a good idea. Usually, people can help only to the people who are near them. People canβt help any other people because they donβt have any information about their needs and whether they need any help. So, big charity organisations can do more than the only person. They can rais funds more effectively, they know more about people who need help, they can organise different widespread charity activities.
Usually, I donβt donate money for charity because I have only pocket money. But I took part in charity activities as a volunteer. I helped old people with shopping and cleaning their flats.
Π― Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ β Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ³ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π― ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ.
4. Portfolio: Are there charity shops or charity organisations in your country? Collect information, then write a short article about them for an International Studentsβ Magazine. Write: β ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎ: ΠΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ? Π‘ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π». ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅:
Specialized charity shops are getting popular in Russia. Russians can donate unneeded clothes, books, toys need and put them to special boxes and then these goods can be sold in charity shops. For example, there are over 60 charity boxes and several charity shops in Moscow. Similar charity shops you can find if St-Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Samara, Rostov-na-Donu, Irkutsk, Barnaul and so on. Although the charity shopsβ activity is at the very beginning in Russia.
There is more common practice in Russia. Charity organisations involve famous companies in their charity activities. For example, the most famous Russian charity organisation, Gift of Life, has agreements with different companies. These companies enter a charity activity by donating a part of their profit from selling goods to the charity organisation Gift of Life. And Russians can buy different new goods, marked with special charity labels in ordinary shops.
There are a lot of charity organisations in Russia. The most famous of them is Gift of Life. this company helps children beat cancer. Gift of Life raises funds by personal and companies donation. Also, Gift of Life organises charity concerts with participation of Russian celebrities and pop-stars. Another well-known charity organisation in Russia is called Rusfond. This charity organisation helps unhealthy children, orphan children and incapacitated people. This organisation usually involves Russian mass media to raise money. We can often read requests of help in Russian newspapers and see them even on TV.
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ . ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅, ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³Π΅, ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅-Π½Π°-ΠΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ». Π ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ .
Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ β Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ». ΠΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΒ» ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏ-Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄. ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Π ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Β». ΠΡΠ° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ-ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ.